Pdf causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on. If interested, you can purchase this powerpoint from. The convention was negotiated between 1981 and 1985 and has been ratified by 193 parties. The ozone treaties hold the rare distinction of having been ratified by every country in the world. The ozone layer is a layer in earths atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone o3. There are natural processes that create and destroy ozone in the stratosphere. The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole.
Issues and concerns about the ozone layer depletion introduction the ozone layer protects the earth from the ultraviolet rays sent down by the sun. This quick video discusses the role of the ozone layer and how cfcs can cause ozone depletion. Introduction to how the ozone layer works howstuffworks. It can be found on the earths surface as well used for such things as bleaching, sterilizing water, and removing unpleasant smells. The ozone layer is a region in the earths stratosphere that contains high concentrations of ozone and protects the earth from the harmful ultraviolet radiations of the sun. Near the ground, ozone is an air pollutant that causes lung damage and asthma attacks. Ozone layer research and technical resources us epa. It will take generations before we know how the experiment turned out. The ozone layer gets its name from ozone gas, an allotrope, or form, of the element oxygen. Ozone layer, region of the upper atmosphere, between roughly 15 and 35 km 9 and 22 miles above earths surface, containing relatively high concentrations of ozone molecules. The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of earths stratosphere that absorbs most of the suns ultraviolet radiation. It contains high concentration of ozone o 3 in relation to other parts of the atmosphere, although still small in relation to other gases in the stratosphere. But 10 to 30 miles above the earths surface 1648 km, ozone molecules protect life on earth.
Ozone secretariat the secretariat for the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer and for the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer united nations environment programme nairobi, kenya ozone. Pdf causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on human. Uv radiations are disturbing developmental and physiological processes which is decreasing the productivity of crops. The upper layer of the atmosphere surrounded by ozone 15 to 30 kms is known as ozonosphere. It is revealed that introduction of chloroflourocarbons cfcs in the environment is the most rated cause of said depiction. They help shield our planet from harmful solar radiation. This layer can absorb between 93 and 99 per cent of the. Apr 18, 2019 the ozone layer helps to protect life from harmful ultraviolet radiation. The emission of ozone depleting substances has been damaging the ozone layer. The ozone layer lies approximately 1540 kilometers 1025 miles above the earths surface, in the. Handbook for the montreal protocol on substances that deplete. Ozone layer is a protective stratospheric layer, also known as ozone umbrella.
Ozone is also formed during thunderstorms, in water falls and allthough this is a less natural process in photochemical smog which forms in summer. Mar 27, 2014 if the ozone layer over the us were compressed to 0 degrees celsius and 1 atmosphere pressure, it would be about 3 mm thick. Download acid rain and ozone layer depletion or read online books in pdf, epub, tuebl, and mobi format. It has the potential to absorb around 9799% of the harmful ultraviolet radiations coming. Introduction the ozone layer is a layer in earths atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone o3.
Every year, since at least 1978, there is a sudden, rapid decrease in the stratospheric ozone levels at the end of the antarctic winter. Handbook for the vienna convention for the protection of the. Twenty questions and answers about the ozone layer. The evolution of ozone layer depletion, its impact on climate change, health and. It acts as a protective shield for the man, animals and. Ozone concentration differs by about 10 ppm in stratosphere compared to 0. However, ozone gas doesnt just coat our earths stratosphere. When cfc is released into the atmosphere, they mix with atmospheric. Jun 26, 2012 ozone day poster, ozone layer drawing, ozone layer drawing pictures, ozone day drawing, ozone draw duration. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want.
Ozone gas has become so synonymous with the ozone layer that people now refer to the layer as the ozone. Ozone o 3 is a gas which is present naturally within earths atmosphere. The ozone hole is not really a hole but a thinning of the ozone layer over the south polar region. The most commonly known example is the ozone layer, in which ozone is produced by ultra violet rays uv, which derive from the sun. Ozone can be bad every spring a hole in the layer of harmless ozone as big as the usa opens over antarctica, a smaller one develops over the arctic at the north pole this is the first signs that the ozone layer is. The ozone layer, in the stratosphere, is where about 90% of the ozone in the earth system is found. In recent years, the ozone layer has been the subject of much discussion. When chlorine nitrate, a chemical that ties up chlorine in an ozonesafe form, was added to the hypothesis, the expected amount of ozone loss decreased.
But our atmosphere is still vulnerable, and it is not clear whether the ozone layer of the future will look like the ozone layer we had in the past. Looking back over the scientific investigation of ozone depletion, we can see how the molinarowland hypothesis evolved with new data. Many organizations perform research on the ozone layer ozone layerthe region of the stratosphere containing the bulk of atmospheric ozone. The exact amount of ozone that can be found varies, the seasons influence it. Ozone layer depletion cause, effects, and solutions. Herb burack, in comprehensive series in photosciences, 2001. The ozone layer is found in the lower portion of the earths atmosphere. Its structure means that its much less stable than oxygen o 2, and is therefore much more reactive. Introduction function of the ozone layer e ects of ozone depletion structure of the ozone layer formation of the ozone layer depletion of the ozone layer ozone layer recovery 8 of 31 lecture question where is the ozone layer and how concentrated is it. Handbook for the montreal protocol on substances that.
Ozone is naturally produced through certain types of chemical reactions. Principally, an ozone molecule is nothing but an oxygen molecule that has received an extra oxygen atom by electric high voltage. The ozone layer has historically protected the earth from the harmful uv rays, although in recent decades this protection has diminished due to stratospheric ozone depletion. The sun propagates ultraviolet radiations which as an adverse effect on living beings. The phenomenon of depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer by humanproduced chemicals has been dealt with in other parts of this encyclopedia see ozone depletion and related topics. Muller, in encyclopedia of atmospheric sciences second edition, 2015. Approximately 90 percent of the atmospheres ozone occurs from 1018 km 611 miles to about 50 km about 30 miles above earths surface. Acid rain and ozone layer depletion download ebook pdf. The stratospheric ozone layer is earths sunscreen protecting living things from too much ultraviolet radiation from the sun. The 1985 vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer, along with its montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, is widely regarded as one of the most successful global environmental agreements in history. Near the ground, ozone forming as a result of chemical reactions involving traffic pollution and sunlight may cause a number of respiratory problems, particularly for young children. Although it represents only a tiny fraction of the atmosphere, ozone is crucial for life on earth.
Find out what caused the ozone hole, and how the 1989 montreal protocol sought to put an end to ozone depletion. The ozone layer contains less than 10 parts per million of ozone, while the average ozone concentration in earths. Exposure to sunlight is generally an unavoidable consequence of being alive and life on earth relies on the ozone layer to attenuate biologically harmful ultraviolet b uvb. Ozone in the stratospherea layer of the atmosphere between 15. Although ozone represents only a small fraction of the gas present in the atmosphere, it plays a vital role by shielding humans and other life from. National aeronautics and the ozone hole space administratio n.
Depletion of ozone layer is also causing the problem of food shortage to humans. If the ozone layer is depleted by human action, the effects on the planet could be catastrophic. A dynamic equilibrium is maintained between the formation and decomposition of ozone. Ozone layer depletion essay sample new york essays. The thinning is most pronounced in the polar regions, especially over antarctica. The ozone layer helps to protect life from harmful ultraviolet radiation. It covers the entire planet and protects life on earth by absorbing harmful ultravioletb uvb radiation from the sun. Ozone depletion describes two distinct but related phenomena observed since the late 1970s. It is formed of three oxygen atoms giving it the chemical formula, o 3. It has been found that this protective ozone layer is getting depleted because of the presence of cfc chlorofluorocarbon compounds.
Ozone is unstable and decomposes to molecular oxygen. Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s. The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of earth s stratosphere that absorbs most of the sun s ultraviolet radiation. The severe depletion of the antarctic ozone layer known as the ozone hole occurs because of the special meteorological and chemical conditions that exist there when the very low winter temperatures in the antarctic stratosphere cause polar stratospheric clouds pscs to form which are isolated from stratospheric air in the polar vortex. This layer absorbs the radiations and prohibits them from entering the outer surface of the earth. The protocol to the convention, the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer the. Approximately 90 percent of the atmospheres ozone occurs from 1018 km 611 miles to. Photolysis of atmospheric ozone in the ultraviolet region pdf. Click download or read online button to get acid rain and ozone layer depletion book now. The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of earths stratosphere that absorbs most of the.
Sep 30, 2019 the ozone layer has historically protected the earth from the harmful uv rays, although in recent decades this protection has diminished due to stratospheric ozone depletion. Once one has compared all the options and alternatives, ozone therapy arises, head and shoulders above all the rest, as the most compelling. Mar 21, 2020 ozone depletion, gradual thinning of earth s ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities. Causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on human. When highenergy ultraviolet rays uvc strike an oxygen. While ozone depletion has initiated concern about the effects of increased uvb on the biosphere, uvb filtered. We seem to have avoided a future where there is no protective ozone. Presentation on ozone depletion linkedin slideshare.
The earth is protected from excessive ultraviolet rays. Brief overview the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer the convention is a nonbinding international agreement developed to address the problem of stratospheric ozone depletion. Ozone is an irritating, corrosive, colorless gas with a smell something like burning electrical wiring. Ozone depletion, gradual thinning of earth s ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities.
Index terms bio effects, chlorofluorocarbon, ozone layer depletion, protection. Ozone layer introduction the ozone layer refers to the ozone within stratosphere, where over 90% of the earths ozone resides. The ozone layer lies approximately 1540 kilometers 1025 miles above the earths surface, in the stratosphere. The ozone layer is a layer of ozone high up in the earths atmosphere stratosphere. If the ozone layer over the us were compressed to 0 degrees celsius and 1 atmosphere pressure, it would be about 3 mm thick. But through domestic and international action, the ozone layer is. This layer absorbs 9399% of the suns high frequency ultraviolet light, which is potentially damaging to life on earth 1. The ozone molecule is very unstable and has a short halflive, causing it to fall back into its original form after a while, according to the following reaction mechanism. Ozone depletion, ozone hole, ultraviolet radiation. In the region between about 10 kilometres and about 50 kilometres above ground, the atmosphere contains more ozone o 3. There are also springtime polar tropospheric ozone depletion.
Most of it is concentrated in the ozone layer, a region located in the stratosphere several miles above the surface of the earth. It can be found on the earths surface as well used for such things as bleaching, sterilizing water, and removing unpleasant smells from products. In the layer surrounding the earths surface, the troposphere, ground level or bad ozone is an air pollutant. Ozone absorbs a band of ultraviolet radiation called uvb. Nearly 90% of earths ozone is in the stratosphere and referred to as the ozone layer.
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